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Tropical Rain Forest is an Ecosystem found around equator. They also can be introduced as tropical wet forests. Because the humidity of these kind is in a high level. Rain fall in between 1750 mm and 2000 mm per year. Bio diversity of these world's invaluable forests is very high compare to others. 82% of the world bio diversity is condensed here. Leafy tops of the forest might be at 50 to 85 meters high. Decomposing organic matter beneath the trees is very high in the speed. Those tropical rain forests are hiding yet uncovered new species in a large manner. Therefore it still to be discovered by human. Tall, broad-leaved, evergreen trees are the characteristic and forming canopy over the forest floor. Taller trees called emegents, may rise above the canopy. Upper areas of cannopy contains rich flora of ephiphytes such as orchids, bromeliads, mosses and lichens. The undergrowth of rain forests are restricted because of lack of sunlight. The undergrowth is containing some kind of shrubs, herbs, ferms, small trees and large woody vines. Vines climb to the top of the canopy using a hard stem to get a better sunlight. Temporature of rain forests ranges from 15 to 50 Celcius.
A tropical rain forest typically divided into four layers. Those are from the bottom,
- Forest Floor
- Understory layer
- Canopy layer
- Emergent layer
This is the bottom-most layer. This layer receives only 2% of sunlight the forest recives. Plants that adapted to very low light are grown here. Lack of vegitation because of the lack of sunlight. This layer also contain decaying organic matter. Decaying of organic matter is high in speed on this layer because warm, humid conditions. Many forms of Fungi grow here and they help to decay plant and animal organic matter. Rain fall dosent get too hard on this layer because of the upper layers, specialy the canopy.
This layer is in between Canopy and Forest Floor. This layer has more bio diversity than others. This is the home to many of birds, snakes, lizards and other animals such as predators. Leaves of understory layer are more wide. Insect life is also abundant. All kinds of trees which were not come to the Canopy and Emergent layers are present in this layer. Only about 5% of the total sunlight reach this layer. Some people called this as the Shrub layer.
Majority of the largest tress are on this layer. Typically 30-45m tall. Epiphytic plants such
as orchids are attached to stems of this layer. Large bio diversity here and large number of currently undiscovered species may be on this layer.
Contains small number of very tall trees which become raise above the canopy. Those trees reaching the heights of 45-55m in common and some kinds of species grow upto 70-80m high. Eagles, Butterflies, Bats and some kind of Apes such as monkeys are ruling this layer.
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